2,4,5-Trichloropyrimidine (CAS 5750-76-5), also known as 2,4,5-trichloro-1,3-diazine, is a halogenated heterocyclic building block with the molecular formula C₄HCl₃N₂ and a molecular weight of 183.42 g/mol. It presents as a colourless to pale yellow clear liquid with a density of approximately 1.60 g/mL, a boiling point of 96 °C at 12 mmHg and a flash point above 110 °C, and it is supplied at ≥98% purity (GC) with ≥99% grades available. The molecule’s commercial value lies in a single structural feature that no dichloro or regioisomeric analogue can replicate: three chlorine atoms positioned at the 2-, 4- and 5-positions of the pyrimidine ring, each with a different and predictable reactivity toward nucleophilic aromatic substitution. That reactivity hierarchy—C4 > C2 > C5—allows a medicinal or process chemist to introduce three different substituents sequentially, in a defined order, on the same pyrimidine core, without protecting-group manipulation. This is not a generic “versatile building block” claim. It is the specific chemical logic that makes 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine the essential starting material for Ceritinib (LDK378, Zykadia®), the second-generation ALK inhibitor approved for ALK-positive metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, where the first substitution must occur selectively at C4 with 2-(isopropylsulfonyl)aniline to set the stage for the subsequent C2 and C5 elaborations that complete the drug molecule. The same regioselective logic underpins ALK-5 inhibitor, EGFR inhibitor and agrochemical discovery programmes, and it is why the compound’s demand is concentrated in pharmaceutical synthesis and API manufacturing (approximately 50–55% of global consumption), followed by agrochemical development (25–30%), reactive dyes and specialty chemicals (10–15%), and analytical and research applications (5–10%). The market is not a commodity market. It is a specialty intermediate market where the qualifying question is not “what does a kilogram cost” but “which supplier can deliver a lot that performs identically in a validated SNAr step, with the analytical and regulatory documentation that process chemistry demands.”
Core Application Fields and Demand Architecture
Demand for 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine concentrates in four functional arenas, anchored by its role as the regioselective pyrimidine source for kinase inhibitor APIs and agrochemical actives.
In pharmaceutical synthesis and API manufacturing, 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine is the critical starting material for Ceritinib. The commercial synthesis relies on the C4-selective nucleophilic aromatic substitution of the trichloropyrimidine with 2-(isopropylsulfonyl)aniline to form 2,5-dichloro-N-(2-(isopropylsulfonyl)phenyl)pyrimidin-4-amine, the key pyrimidine fragment in the Ceritinib route. The three chlorine atoms exhibit limited selectivity differences under some conditions, so the reaction requires careful control of base, solvent and temperature to achieve the desired C4 regioselectivity without over-substitution at C2 or C5. Beyond Ceritinib, the compound is used to construct ALK-5 inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors and other kinase-targeted libraries, where the ability to install three distinct substituents sequentially on a single pyrimidine core enables structure-activity relationship exploration that would be impractical with pre-functionalized dichloropyrimidines. Recent process chemistry work on Ceritinib has focused on replacing hazardous reagents such as sodium hydride with safer alternatives including potassium carbonate or DBU, improving the sustainability profile of the manufacturing route without changing the critical role of the trichloropyrimidine starting material. This segment is specification-driven and relatively insensitive to price at the gram-to-kilogram scale, because the intermediate cost is a small fraction of the API batch value and a failed regioselective step is far more expensive than the reagent.
In agrochemical development, 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine serves as a key intermediate for herbicides and pesticides, and it has demonstrated fungicidal and sporicidal properties in its own right. The regioselective functionalization principles that make the compound valuable in kinase discovery also apply to agrochemical active construction, where the pyrimidine core is a recurring motif in modern crop-protection chemistry. This segment is larger in potential volume than pharmaceutical synthesis and less exposed to oncology R&D cycles, but it is more price-sensitive and more fragmented across discovery programmes.
Reactive dyes and specialty chemicals form the third arena. 2,4,5-Trichloropyrimidine is a precursor for 2,4,6-trichloropyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde, an intermediate in reactive dye production for textiles, and it is used in the synthesis of specialty polymers and coatings that require durability and environmental resistance. Analytical and biochemical research applications—where the compound is used as a reagent for detection, quantification and enzyme-inhibition studies—complete the demand base but do not drive the market’s direction.
Regulatory Profile: A GHS07 Irritant with a TSCA Status That Requires Supplier Clarity
2,4,5-Trichloropyrimidine is not a CMR substance and is not classified as a dangerous good for transport under DOT/IATA standard conditions. Its regulatory identity is defined by an irritant classification, a water-hazard classification, and a TSCA inventory status that is reported inconsistently across supplier documentation and therefore requires direct confirmation for U.S.-facing programmes.
The hazard profile is that of an irritant with lachrymatory and corrosive handling notes. GHS classification is typically reported as Warning with H315 (causes skin irritation), H319 (causes serious eye irritation) and H335 (may cause respiratory irritation); some SDS documentation adds H302 (harmful if swallowed) and H318 (causes serious eye damage), and the compound is described as a lachrymator that should be handled with skin-contact avoidance. The water-hazard classification is WGK 3 (high hazard to water), which requires appropriate containment and disposal precautions. These are handling hazards, not carcinogenicity, mutagenicity or reproductive toxicity classifications, and the required precautions are standard for a reactive halogenated heterocycle: chemical-resistant gloves, eye and face protection, use in a well-ventilated environment or fume hood, and storage at 2–8 °C in a tightly sealed, light-protected container.
The TSCA status is the single most consequential regulatory ambiguity for buyers. Some supplier listings report the compound under a TSCA inventory entry, while others state explicitly “Not listed on TSCA inventory”. This inconsistency means that a U.S.-facing programme cannot rely on a catalogue designation alone. If the compound is not on the TSCA Inventory, import for commercial purposes would ordinarily require a Premanufacture Notice or an applicable exemption, most commonly the R&D exemption for research quantities used under the supervision of a technically qualified individual. Suppliers that can provide a clear, lot-specific statement of TSCA status—rather than a generic catalogue field—add real qualification value for U.S. process chemistry groups.
In the European Union, the compound has an EINECS number (227-286-8) and must comply with REACH registration requirements for import and use, with SDS documentation reflecting the GHS07 classification and the WGK 3 water hazard. For Russian and EAEU buyers, the compound is imported at research and process scale, and the practical documentation expectations are a Certificate of Analysis reporting purity by GC, a Russian-language SDS reflecting the irritant and water-hazard classifications, and confirmation that the lot meets the ≥98% specification required for regioselective SNAr chemistry.
Global Supply Structure and Manufacturer Differentiation
Global supply of 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine is moderately concentrated at the high-purity and process-scale end and fragmented at the research-catalogue end. The supplier landscape includes international research-chemical distributors such as Chem-Impex International (≥98% GC, catalog 44850) and Sigma-Aldrich (99%, product 652032), alongside a cohort of Chinese producers serving both domestic and export demand at 98–99.78% purity and packaging sizes from grams to 30 kg. CymitQuimica (Biosynth) and Apollo Scientific serve the European market with in-stock availability, and Tokyo Chemical Industry supplies the Japanese market. Production is concentrated in Asia-Pacific, particularly China, where lower production costs, established chemical infrastructure and proximity to growing pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries create a structural cost advantage for industrial-scale supply.
Differentiation operates on three axes that matter more to a process chemist than the catalogue purity figure. The first is regioselectivity performance in the customer’s actual SNAr step. A lot that assays at 98% but contains a regioisomeric impurity or a dichloro analogue can shift the C4/C2 selectivity window and produce a mixture that requires chromatographic purification or fails specification. Suppliers that characterize the compound against the specific regioselectivity requirement—and that can provide lot-level GC data beyond a headline percentage—reduce the risk of a failed coupling campaign. The second axis is TSCA and documentation clarity. As noted above, the TSCA status is reported inconsistently, and a supplier that can provide a definitive, lot-specific statement supports U.S.-facing qualification in a way that a generic catalogue entry cannot. The third axis is scale-up and packaging continuity. The compound moves from gram-scale medicinal chemistry to kilogram-scale process chemistry, and a supplier that can follow that transition without changing the analytical method or the impurity profile is more valuable than a catalogue vendor that cannot support process-scale demand.
Regional Demand Dynamics
Demand for 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine follows the geography of kinase inhibitor manufacturing and agrochemical discovery rather than the geography of pyrimidine production.
North America and Europe are the specification-intensive demand centres for high-purity material. The United States hosts the research organisations, pharmaceutical companies and contract research organisations that require high-quality trichloropyrimidine for Ceritinib manufacturing, ALK-5 inhibitor development and kinase inhibitor discovery, and the FDA oversight of oncology drug manufacturing reinforces the demand for documented, lot-specific quality. Europe’s demand is shaped by REACH compliance and a strong focus on quality and sustainability, with buyers requiring comprehensive documentation alongside the material. Demand in both regions is project-driven and relatively small in absolute mass, but it is qualification-intensive and less price-elastic than agrochemical or dye applications.
Asia-Pacific is the production hub and the fastest-growing consumption region. China hosts numerous manufacturers and suppliers, and the region’s demand is growing with domestic pharmaceutical R&D, Ceritinib and ALK inhibitor manufacturing, and agrochemical development in China, India, Japan and South Korea. The region’s supply is bifurcated between research-catalogue grades at 98–99% and industrial-scale material for process chemistry, and the gap between those tiers is widening as documentation requirements tighten in export markets.
Russia and the EAEU form a smaller, import-dependent contour. Demand comes from pharmaceutical process development, agrochemical research and specialty chemical production, and supply is sourced from Chinese and international distributors. There is no large-scale domestic production of the compound at process specification, and the practical constraints are availability at the required purity, reliable packaging for a moisture- and light-sensitive liquid, and Russian-language documentation that supports incoming qualification.
Future Outlook and Strategic Imperatives
The market outlook for 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine is positive but specialised. It is not a high-volume commodity and will not become one; its growth is tied to the expansion of the Ceritinib and ALK inhibitor market, the breadth of kinase inhibitor discovery programmes that use the 2,4,5-trichloro substitution pattern to build tri-substituted pyrimidine libraries, and the steady demand for agrochemical actives and reactive dyes. Rising lung cancer incidence and expanding access to targeted therapies in developing countries support sustained Ceritinib demand, while the growth of kinase inhibitor research in oncology pulls through demand for regioselective trichlorinated building blocks more broadly.
Three structural forces will shape competition. First, analytical transparency and regioselectivity documentation will remain the primary differentiators. As process chemistry programmes mature, the building block’s impurity profile directly affects the regioselectivity of the first SNAr step and the purity of the final API, and buyers will increasingly require lot-specific GC data and regioisomer control rather than a nominal ≥98% figure. Second, TSCA status clarity will separate suppliers that can support U.S. process development from those that can only serve research-scale or non-U.S. markets. Suppliers that can provide a definitive inventory statement, or that can support an R&D-exempt pathway, will be better positioned as U.S. programmes advance. Third, the transition from catalogue to process scale will reward suppliers that can hold a locked specification across gram, kilogram and multi-kilogram quantities, because re-qualification of a building block mid-programme is costly and time-consuming.
For Russian and EAEU buyers, the strategic implication is that 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine procurement should be treated as a specification-and-documentation partnership rather than a price comparison. A lot that underperforms in the regioselective SNAr step, or a shipment that arrives without a Russian-language SDS and lot-specific analytical data, costs more in lost process development time than the price difference between two suppliers. The lowest-risk source is the one that can confirm regioselectivity-relevant purity, clarify TSCA status for U.S.-linked programmes, and support the programme as it scales from discovery to process chemistry.
Shanghai XinChem Co., Ltd. (XinChem)
As a world-leading supplier of organic chemicals, Shanghai XinChem Co., Ltd. (XinChem) offers 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine (CAS 5750-76-5) in research-grade and process-scale specifications, serving medicinal chemistry groups, Ceritinib and ALK inhibitor process development teams, agrochemical discovery programmes and specialty chemical manufacturers. Our material is supplied with lot-specific GC data, controlled regioisomer profile and the documentation support that regioselective pyrimidine building-block qualification requires at both catalogue and scale-up stages.
Technical and Quality Advantages
Lot-Specific GC Data and Regioisomer Control: 2,4,5-Trichloropyrimidine is supplied with a Certificate of Analysis reporting purity by GC for the specific lot, with the regioisomer and dichloro analogue profile controlled against the specification. Because the compound’s value depends on the C4 > C2 > C5 reactivity hierarchy, a lot that carries a regioisomeric impurity can shift the selectivity window in the first SNAr step, and lot-level data allows the process chemist to qualify the material against the actual coupling conditions rather than a catalogue percentage.
Purity at the ≥98% Threshold with ≥99% Availability: Material is available at ≥98% purity (GC), consistent with the process-scale specification, with ≥99% grades available for the most selectivity-sensitive applications. The explicit grade distinction allows the buyer to match the specification to the stage of development, rather than discovering after purchase that a nominal-grade lot requires additional purification.
TSCA Status Clarity: XinChem provides a direct, lot-specific statement of the current TSCA inventory position, rather than relying on an inconsistent catalogue field. For U.S.-facing programmes, this clarity supports the buyer’s assessment of whether an R&D-exempt pathway or a PMN is required for the intended use.
Scale-Up and Documentation Continuity: The compound is available from gram-scale qualification quantities through to kilogram and multi-kilogram process volumes, with the analytical method and impurity profile held constant across scales. This continuity reduces the re-qualification burden when a programme advances from medicinal chemistry to process development.
Regulatory and Language Support: Safety data sheets are available in English and Russian, with documentation covering the GHS07 irritant classification (H315, H319, H335), the WGK 3 water-hazard classification and the recommended storage conditions (2–8 °C, sealed, protected from light and moisture). For EAEU buyers, the Russian-language SDS and Certificate of Analysis support incoming qualification.
Packaging and Logistics Flexibility
2,4,5-Trichloropyrimidine is available in sealed 10 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg and larger containers for research and medicinal chemistry use, and in kilogram-scale packaging for process development and production. The product should be stored at 2–8 °C in a tightly sealed, light-protected container, and shipped with appropriate protection from moisture and light. For Russia and EAEU destinations, XinChem arranges logistics with appropriate customs and transport documentation, including Russian-language SDS and Certificate-of-Analysis support, to reduce clearance friction for a building block that is sourced internationally at research and process scale.
Application Support and Supply Reliability
XinChem’s technical team assists with grade selection for Ceritinib and ALK inhibitor process development, regioselective SNAr strategy for the C4, C2 and C5 positions, agrochemical active construction and reactive dye intermediate synthesis, and with the analytical and documentation requirements that trichloropyrimidine qualification demands. Supply schedules accommodate both catalogue-scale qualification orders and process-scale volumes, with stock held for the package sizes most commonly requested in pharmaceutical and agrochemical development programmes.
Why Choose XinChem
Expertise: Deep experience in halogenated pyrimidine building blocks and regioselective heterocyclic chemistry, with application knowledge spanning Ceritinib and kinase inhibitor synthesis, agrochemical development and specialty chemical production.
Consistency: Lot-specific control of GC purity and regioisomer profile—the parameters that determine whether the building block delivers the intended C4-selective SNAr outcome or introduces a selectivity and purification problem.
Compliance Readiness: Documentation structured around the GHS07 irritant and WGK 3 classifications, the current TSCA inventory position and EAEU documentation expectations, with Russian-language SDS support.
Responsiveness: Direct technical and commercial access, with order structures from milligram-scale qualification to process-scale quantities.
Contact us now to discuss your 2,4,5-trichloropyrimidine requirements and request a specification sheet or qualification sample.
Website: www.xinchem.com
Email: sales1@xinchem.com
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Post time: Nov-01-2026