Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (CAS# 10070-92-5), also known as 5-formylpyrimidine, pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde, or 5-pyrimidinecarboxaldehyde, is a heterocyclic aldehyde with the molecular formula C₅H₄N₂O and a molecular weight of 108.10 g/mol. Its molecular structure features a pyrimidine ring—a six-membered aromatic heterocycle containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3—bearing an aldehyde functional group (–CHO) at the 5-position. This unique combination of a nitrogen-rich heteroaromatic core and a reactive aldehyde handle confers exceptional versatility as a synthetic building block in medicinal chemistry, agrochemical development, and materials science.
As a light yellow to yellow crystalline solid with a melting point of 39–43°C, a boiling point of 80–82°C at 4 mmHg (225.3°C at 760 mmHg), and a density of 1.23 g/cm³, the compound exhibits a pKa of 1.15±0.10, indicating weak basicity due to the electron-withdrawing aldehyde group. It is soluble in polar solvents such as water and alcohols, and is air-sensitive and light-sensitive, requiring storage under an inert atmosphere (argon or nitrogen) in a dark place at low temperature (recommended −20°C for long-term storage). The compound is typically supplied at ≥97% to ≥98% purity (GC).
Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is a versatile heterocyclic building block that serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals targeting neurological disorders, agrochemicals that enhance crop yields, fluorescent probes for biological imaging, and advanced polymeric materials. The strategic incorporation of the pyrimidine ring—a bioisostere of benzene and pyridine—combined with the reactive aldehyde functionality enables precise control over molecular geometry, electronic properties, and biological activity. Based on its chemical characteristics and industrial significance, this article systematically analyzes the key properties, core application areas, global market structure, regulatory landscape, and future outlook of this strategically important heterocyclic aldehyde.
Key Properties and Reactivity Profile
Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (CAS# 10070-92-5) is a regioisomer-specific pyrimidine aldehyde whose value derives from the orthogonal reactivity of its aldehyde and pyrimidine ring functionalities.
Key physicochemical parameters include:
- Molecular Formula: C₅H₄N₂O
- Molecular Weight: 108.10 g/mol
- CAS Number: 10070-92-5
- MDL Number: MFCD03426065
- Synonyms: 5-Formylpyrimidine; Pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde; 5-Pyrimidinecarboxaldehyde
- Appearance: Light yellow to yellow crystalline solid
- Purity: ≥97% to ≥98% (GC)
- Melting Point: 39–43°C
- Boiling Point: 80–82°C at 4 mmHg; 225.3±13.0°C at 760 mmHg
- Density: 1.23 g/cm³
- pKa: 1.15±0.10 (predicted)
- Flash Point: 92.6°C
- Refractive Index: 1.581
- SMILES: O=CC1=CN=CN=C1
- InChIKey: FREJAOSUHFGDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
- Storage: Under argon, dark place, −20°C for long-term storage; air-sensitive, light-sensitive
- GHS Classification: Warning; H302 (Harmful if swallowed), H315 (Causes skin irritation), H317 (May cause an allergic skin reaction), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H332 (Harmful if inhaled), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation)
- WGK Germany: 3 (high hazard to water)
The compound’s reactivity is defined by its two orthogonal handles: the aldehyde group at C5 enables condensation reactions (with amines, hydrazines, and hydroxylamines), reductive amination, Wittig olefination, and nucleophilic addition; the pyrimidine ring provides a nitrogen-rich heteroaromatic scaffold that engages in coordination chemistry, hydrogen bonding, and π-stacking interactions. The 5-position substitution pattern is critical—the aldehyde is positioned para to one nitrogen and meta to the other, creating a defined exit vector for molecular elaboration. The compound is used in the preparation of (S)- and (R)-pyrimidyl alkanol by reacting with diisopropylzinc and (n-butyl)ethyl(n-hexyl)(n-propyl)methane, demonstrating its utility in asymmetric synthesis.
Core Application Fields and Demand
Market demand for pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (CAS# 10070-92-5) is concentrated in four primary sectors: pharmaceutical synthesis and drug intermediates (approximately 40–45% of global consumption), agrochemical development (approximately 25–30%), fluorescent probes and biochemical research (approximately 15–20%), and materials science and specialty chemicals (approximately 10–15%). Its unique combination of a nitrogen-rich heteroaromatic core and a reactive aldehyde handle serves as the core driver of sustained demand growth across all sectors.
In pharmaceutical synthesis and drug intermediates, pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is a critical building block for the synthesis of pharmaceutical agents targeting neurological disorders.The pyrimidine scaffold is a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry, present in numerous bioactive molecules including antiviral agents, anticancer drugs, and CNS therapeutics. The aldehyde group enables the construction of diverse derivatives through reductive amination, condensation, and cyclization reactions. The compound serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical agents, particularly those targeting neurological disorders.Its derivatives are also investigated for anti-inflammatory activity and as inhibitors of key enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism.
In agrochemical development, pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is used in the formulation of agrochemicals, enhancing the efficacy of pesticides and herbicides, which helps in improving crop yields.The pyrimidine ring is a common structural motif in modern crop protection agents, and the aldehyde functionality enables the introduction of diverse substituents for optimizing biological activity. The compound is employed in the synthesis of herbicidal and fungicidal active ingredients, contributing to sustainable agriculture through improved selectivity and environmental profiles.
In fluorescent probes and biochemical research, pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is utilized in creating fluorescent probes for biological imaging, aiding researchers in visualizing cellular processes in real-time.The compound’s derivatives exhibit fluorescence properties that can be tuned through structural modification, enabling applications in live-cell imaging, nucleic acid detection, and diagnostic assays. It also plays a role in biochemical research, particularly in studying nucleic acid metabolism and enzyme activity.
In materials science and specialty chemicals, pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is explored in the development of novel materials, including polymers and coatings, due to its unique chemical properties.The pyrimidine ring contributes to thermal stability, coordination capability, and electronic properties, making the compound valuable in the design of advanced functional materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and coordination complexes.
Major Market Participants
The global supply system for pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (CAS# 10070-92-5) features a pattern of “specialized research chemical suppliers, multinational chemical distributors, and Chinese manufacturers serving distinct market segments.” As a specialized heterocyclic building block rather than a bulk commodity, the market is characterized by a moderate number of suppliers catering to pharmaceutical R&D, agrochemical development, and materials science applications.
In the global research and high-purity segment, key international suppliers include Thermo Fisher Scientific (Alfa Aesar), offering the compound at 97% purity in 1 g, 5 g, and 25 g quantities, with the product originally part of the Alfa Aesar portfolio; Chem-Impex International, offering ≥98% (GC) purity with comprehensive documentation including SDS, product specifications, and Certificates of Analysis (COA); CymitQuimica, offering multiple purity grades (≥95%, 97%) with packaging from 250 mg to 250 g; and BOC Sciences, providing the compound as a building block with over 20,000 intermediates available from stock. These suppliers serve the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and academic research communities with products that meet rigorous quality specifications.
In the industrial and large-scale production segment, Chinese manufacturers have emerged as significant players in the global supply chain. XinChem is a reliable manufacturer and supplier of high-purity pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde from China, offering the compound with stringent quality standards for use in pharmaceutical synthesis, agrochemical development, and specialty chemical applications. XinChem provides the compound as a light yellow crystalline solid with comprehensive quality documentation and flexible packaging options. Other Chinese suppliers include MolCore, offering NLT 98% purity with ISO certification for global pharmaceutical R&D and quality control requirements; Bide Pharmatech, providing batch quality inspection reports (NMR, HPLC, GC); Capot Chemical, offering 98% (Min, GC) purity with moisture ≤0.5% and production scale up to kilograms; and Hubei Wande Chemical, offering the compound at competitive pricing with 25 kg drum packaging.
Regional Market Dynamics
The global pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde market exhibits distinct regional characteristics, with production concentrated in Asia-Pacific (particularly China) and consumption distributed across North America, Europe, and the Asia-Pacific region, aligned with the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials science industries in these regions.
The Asia-Pacific region has emerged as a significant production hub for pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde, with China hosting numerous manufacturers and suppliers including XinChem. The region’s competitive advantages include lower production costs, established chemical infrastructure, and proximity to rapidly growing pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Chinese suppliers offer the compound at various purity grades (typically 97–98%) and packaging options—from grams to multi-kilogram quantities—serving both domestic and export markets. The growing pharmaceutical R&D, agrochemical, and specialty chemical sectors in China, Japan, South Korea, and India continue to drive regional consumption growth.
North America remains a key market for high-purity and research-grade pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde, driven by demand from the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology companies, and academic research institutions. The United States hosts numerous research organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and contract research organizations that require high-quality heterocyclic building blocks for drug discovery and development. Thermo Fisher Scientific, Chem-Impex International, and BOC Sciences serve the North American market with extensive distribution networks. The region’s well-established regulatory framework and emphasis on product quality support demand for high-grade research chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Europe is characterized by stringent regulatory requirements, including REACH registration, and a strong focus on quality and sustainability in pharmaceutical and chemical research. European pharmaceutical companies, agrochemical developers, and research institutions demand high-purity heterocyclic building blocks with comprehensive documentation. CymitQuimica and other distributors serve the European market with in-stock availability.
Japan represents a specialized market where pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is supplied by distributors such as Fujifilm Wako Pure Chemical for pharmaceutical research, agrochemical development, and materials science applications.
Regulatory and Safety Considerations
As a research chemical, pharmaceutical intermediate, and heterocyclic building block, pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (CAS# 10070-92-5) is subject to regulatory oversight in major global economies. Compliance with relevant regulations is essential for market access and trade.
GHS classification and handling: Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is classified with the signal word “Warning” . Hazard statements include H302 (Harmful if swallowed), H315 (Causes skin irritation), H317 (May cause an allergic skin reaction), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H332 (Harmful if inhaled), and H335 (May cause respiratory irritation). Precautionary statements include P261 (Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray), P264 (Wash skin thoroughly after handling), P280 (Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection), P301+P312 (IF SWALLOWED: Call a POISON CENTER/doctor if you feel unwell), P302+P352 (IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water), P304+P340 (IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing), P305+P351+P338 (IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes; remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing), and P405 (Store locked up). The compound is classified as Acute Tox. 4 Oral, Skin Irrit. 2, Skin Sens. 1, Eye Irrit. 2, and STOT SE 3. The WGK Germany classification is 3 (high hazard to water). The compound is classified as a combustible solid (storage class 11).
Storage and stability: Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is air-sensitive and light-sensitive, requiring storage under an inert atmosphere (argon or nitrogen) in a dark place at low temperature (recommended −20°C for long-term storage). The compound is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It should be kept in a tightly sealed container and protected from moisture.
Regulatory compliance: In the European Union, the compound must comply with REACH registration requirements for import and use. Manufacturers and suppliers must provide comprehensive Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and maintain appropriate documentation. In the United States, pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is intended for research and development use only and is not intended for therapeutic, food, cosmetic, or consumer applications unless explicitly stated otherwise. The compound is not classified as hazardous for transportation, is not an antibiotic, and is not DEA-regulated.
Transport information: Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is not classified as hazardous material for DOT/IATA transport purposes. Proper packaging, labeling, and documentation are nevertheless required for international shipping. The HS code for the compound is 2933599590 (heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atoms only).
Future Outlook
The market outlook for pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is positive, supported by several key growth drivers across its major application segments. While the compound remains a relatively specialized heterocyclic building block, its unique pyrimidine scaffold and versatile aldehyde functionality position it for steady growth in the coming years.
Key growth drivers include:
- Expansion of neurological drug discovery: The continued development of pharmaceuticals targeting neurological disorders drives demand for this key intermediate. The compound’s documented role in enhancing drug efficacy for neurological applications positions it at the forefront of CNS drug research.
- Growth in agrochemical development: The growing global demand for novel pesticides and herbicides drives consumption of the compound as a precursor for crop protection agents with improved efficacy and environmental profiles.
- Increasing demand for fluorescent probes and bioimaging tools: The expanding market for fluorescent probes and biological imaging creates new opportunities for the compound in live-cell imaging, nucleic acid detection, and diagnostic assays.
- Growth in materials science applications: The expanding market for advanced polymers, coatings, and coordination materials with enhanced thermal stability and electronic properties creates additional opportunities for the compound.
- Advantages of heterocyclic aldehyde building blocks: The compound’s ability to serve as a versatile scaffold for constructing complex therapeutic molecules through condensation, reductive amination, and cyclization reactions makes it increasingly valuable in modern synthetic chemistry.
Challenges and considerations:
- Regulatory compliance: Increasingly stringent pharmaceutical and chemical regulations may require ongoing investment in quality systems and documentation.
- Handling requirements: The compound’s irritant and sensitizer classification (H302, H315, H317, H319, H332, H335) requires appropriate safety measures during handling and storage.
- Air and light sensitivity: The compound requires storage under inert atmosphere and protection from light, which may increase handling and logistics costs.
- Limited scale: As a relatively specialized compound, the market for pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde is smaller than that of commodity chemicals.
- Regioisomer differentiation: The specific 5-carboxaldehyde substitution pattern must be carefully distinguished from other pyrimidine aldehyde isomers, necessitating rigorous quality control and analytical verification.
To succeed in this evolving market landscape, suppliers must focus on product quality (particularly purity and batch-to-batch consistency), supply chain reliability, regulatory compliance, and responsive customer service. Companies that can offer high-purity products, flexible packaging options, and technical support for pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and materials science applications will be well-positioned to capture growing demand.
Shanghai XinChem Co., Ltd. (XinChem)
As a world-leading supplier of organic chemicals and heterocyclic building blocks, Shanghai XinChem Co., Ltd. (XinChem) is dedicated to meeting the innovative needs of the pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and fine chemical industries. Leveraging extensive experience and advanced manufacturing capabilities, XinChem provides high-quality Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (CAS# 10070-92-5) to customers worldwide. As a trusted manufacturer and supplier based in China, XinChem combines competitive pricing, reliable supply, and exceptional service to establish itself as a preferred partner for research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and industrial manufacturers seeking this versatile pyrimidine aldehyde building block.
1. Technical Advantages
Advanced Synthesis and Purification Processes
XinChem utilizes state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities and rigorous quality control measures to ensure the purity, consistency, and safety of its pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde products. The production process incorporates established synthetic routes—including selective oxidation of 5-methylpyrimidine and formylation of pyrimidine derivatives—enabling the delivery of products with purity ≥97% to ≥98% (GC) to meet diverse application requirements. Strict process control ensures consistent product quality, minimal impurities, and batch-to-batch reproducibility, providing customers with reliable performance in pharmaceutical synthesis, agrochemical development, and materials science applications.
Full-Chain Quality Control
The production process strictly adheres to international quality standards, with comprehensive quality control covering raw material sourcing, in-process monitoring, and finished product testing. Each batch is accompanied by a detailed Certificate of Analysis (COA) documenting physical and chemical properties, purity data (GC), melting point, and impurity profiles. This commitment to quality ensures that XinChem’s pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde meets the stringent requirements of pharmaceutical R&D, agrochemical development, and materials science applications.
2. Product Advantages
High Purity and Consistent Quality
XinChem offers pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde with purity ≥97% to ≥98% (GC), ensuring optimal performance in pharmaceutical synthesis, agrochemical development, and materials science applications. The product’s high purity minimizes the risk of unwanted side reactions and impurities, making it suitable for demanding applications in drug discovery, crop protection, and advanced materials.
Comprehensive Specifications
Key specifications include:
- Molecular Formula: C₅H₄N₂O
- Molecular Weight: 108.10 g/mol
- CAS Number: 10070-92-5
- Synonyms: 5-Formylpyrimidine; Pyrimidine-5-carbaldehyde; 5-Pyrimidinecarboxaldehyde
- MDL Number: MFCD03426065
- Appearance: Light yellow to yellow crystalline solid
- Purity: ≥97% to ≥98% (GC)
- Melting Point: 39–43°C
- Boiling Point: 80–82°C at 4 mmHg; 225.3±13.0°C at 760 mmHg
- Density: 1.23 g/cm³
- Storage: Under argon, dark place, −20°C for long-term storage; air-sensitive, light-sensitive
Flexible Packaging Solutions
XinChem provides a range of packaging options to accommodate diverse customer needs, from laboratory-scale quantities (250 mg, 1 g, 5 g, 10 g) to industrial-scale packaging (25 g, 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg) and bulk shipments. Customized packaging solutions are available upon request, ensuring safe handling, storage, and transportation with appropriate protection from air and light.
3. Application Fields
As a versatile pyrimidine aldehyde building block, Pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde (CAS# 10070-92-5) exhibits wide application value across multiple industries:
Pharmaceutical Synthesis and Drug Intermediates:
- Key intermediate for pharmaceuticals targeting neurological disorders
- Building block for antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory agents
- Precursor for (S)- and (R)-pyrimidyl alkanol via asymmetric synthesis
- Scaffold for enzyme inhibition and receptor binding studies
Agrochemical Development:
- Intermediate for pesticides and herbicides with enhanced efficacy
- Precursor for crop protection agents with improved selectivity and environmental profiles
Fluorescent Probes and Biochemical Research:
- Precursor for fluorescent probes for biological imaging
- Tool for studying nucleic acid metabolism and enzyme activity
- Applications in live-cell imaging and diagnostic assays
Materials Science and Specialty Chemicals:
- Building block for advanced polymers and coatings
- Precursor for coordination complexes and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
- Component in specialty materials with enhanced thermal and electronic properties
4. Service Support
Technical Expertise and Customized Solutions
XinChem’s team of experienced chemists and application engineers provides full technical support throughout the customer journey—from product selection and specification development to application guidance and troubleshooting. Whether customers require optimization of synthetic routes, guidance on handling air-sensitive compounds, or assistance with regulatory documentation, XinChem’s technical experts are ready to help. Custom synthesis and contract manufacturing with flexible scaling from R&D to commercial quantities are available upon request.
Global Logistics and Reliable Supply
With established supply chains serving markets across Europe, North America, Asia-Pacific, and beyond, XinChem ensures timely delivery and consistent product availability. The company’s logistics team manages all aspects of international shipping, including customs clearance and documentation, with appropriate protection from air and light for product stability.
Regulatory Support
XinChem provides comprehensive documentation to support regulatory compliance, including Safety Data Sheets (SDS), Certificates of Analysis (COA), and other required certificates. The company stays current with evolving regulatory requirements in major markets, including REACH, TSCA, and other regional regulations, helping customers navigate the complexities of global trade.
5. Reasons to Choose XinChem
- Professionalism: Extensive experience and deep expertise in heterocyclic building block synthesis and supply.
- Quality: Rigorous quality control, high purity (≥97% to ≥98%), and adherence to international standards.
- Reliability: Stable supply, competitive pricing, and timely delivery.
- Flexibility: Customized solutions to meet diverse customer needs, including custom synthesis and packaging.
- Service: Responsive technical support and comprehensive documentation.
Contact us today to start your partnership with XinChem!
Website: www.xinchem.com
Email: sales1@xinchem.com
WhatsApp: +86 18049800532
Post time: Sep-16-2026